Dig through the terrain with your mining laser (left click), and collect resources. Sell everything at your outpost, buy fuel and repairs, and upgrade your ship to venture further into space. But not too far because we didn't get around to making the map infinite...
There are more valuable resources further from the outpost, but the more valuable your inventory is, the more aliens will spawn and try to kill you. When you sell your resources at the outpost, the aliens will be nice again.
This is a cool game you've created there! I hope it'll be developed further, with the addition of new ores and (i know, you didn't have the time) an endless map. Good job!
Good job!